Semester 1

Module 1

Module 2

Module 3

Module 4

Module 5

Programming in C

Business Communication

Human Computer Interaction

Basic Mathemetics - 1

Computer and Information Technology

Semester 2

Module 1: Understanding Self for Effectiveness

Moudle 2: Motivation and Emotional Intelligence

Module 3: Social and Behavioural Issues

Module 4: Managing Diversity for Peace and Harmony

Module 5: Values and Ethics for Personal and Professional

Individual Excellence and Social Dynamic

Module 1: Introduction to Software Engineering

Module 2: Software Requirements Engineering and Coding

Module 3: Software Design

Module 4: Software Testing

Module 5: Software Project Planning and Management

Software Engineering and Modeling

Module 1: Introduction

Module 2: Process Management

Module 3: Memory Management

Module 4: File and Device Management

Module 5: Security and Protection

Operating System Concepts

Module 1: Introduction to Data Structures

Module 2: Stacks and Queues

Module 3: Programming with Linked Lists

Module 4: Trees and Graphs

Module 5: Searching and Sorting Techniques

Data Sturcture Using C

Module 1: Environmental Studies

Module 2: Ecosystems

Module 3: Environmental Pollution

Module 4: Environmental Law

Module 5: Green Technology and Role of Information Technology

Environmental Studies

A university conducted a survey to analyze the students who are enrolled in Mathematics and Science courses. Out of 200 students, 120 are enrolled in Mathematics, 80 are enrolled in Science, and 50 are enrolled in both subjects. The university aims to determine the number of students who are enrolled in either Mathematics or Science, and those who are not enrolled in any of these courses.

Case Study 1: Application of Set Theory in Real Life

A company tracks the monthly sales data of two products in two different regions. The sales are represented in matrix form as follows: Product A sales matrix [ [120, 150], [200, 250] ] and Product B sales matrix [ [100, 130], [180, 210] ]. The management wants to analyze the total sales and identify the highest selling product-region combination.

Case Study 2: Use of Matrices in Business Analysis

ABC Corporation upgraded its systems to a multitasking operating system, enabling seamless switching between applications and efficient memory allocation to avoid conflicts during simultaneous operations.

Operating System Management

XYZ University set up a computer lab with high-speed CPUs, 16GB RAM, SSDs for storage, and a LAN for fast data sharing. Input devices like keyboards and scanners, and output devices like monitors and projectors, enhance the user experience.

Hardware Components in a Computer

Determine grades based on marks entered by the user using nested if-else statements.

Working with Decision Control Statements

Perform arithmetic operations (+, -, *, /) using a switch statement based on user input.

Understanding Arithmetic Operations

A company is developing an application that evaluates user-input data to decide on eligibility for a reward program. The application accepts a user's purchase amount and determines eligibility based on the input.

Decision Control Statements

A school is developing a program to calculate the average marks of students in a class. The program uses a loop to input marks for n students and calculates the average.

Loops and Iteration

A university wants to develop a student management system to store and process student data efficiently. They decide to use arrays to store students' scores and retrieve their performance efficiently. The system provides functionality to calculate the average score of a student by iterating through the stored scores.

Student Management System

A library system is being designed to store book IDs and allow retrieval of book details by using function calls. The system maintains an array of book IDs and provides a function to check if a specific book ID exists within the library database.

Library Book Tracking System

A school wants to automate the management of student scores for different subjects. They plan to store scores using arrays and calculate the average score for each student. The system should allow adding new scores dynamically and ensure data consistency.

Managing Student Scores with Arrays

A company is developing an employee payroll system where salaries need to be computed based on hours worked and hourly rates. Functions will be used to modularize the code for better maintainability.

Implementing Functions for Employee Payroll System

John, a marketing executive, was tasked with writing an email to a potential client. He wanted to ensure his email was clear, concise, and free from grammatical errors. He reviewed the subject-verb agreement and punctuation rules he learned from a business communication course. However, upon sending the email, the client pointed out errors in sentence structure and the use of commas, which led to misunderstandings about project deadlines. John realized that mastering grammar is crucial for professional communication.

Case Study 1: Effective Email Communication

Sarah, a team leader, was preparing a progress report for an important project. She struggled with using the correct tenses to describe completed tasks and ongoing activities. Her initial draft mixed past, present, and future tenses inconsistently, making the report confusing for the stakeholders. After reviewing grammar guidelines, Sarah revised the report to use past tense for completed tasks and present continuous for ongoing work, making it more coherent and professional.

Case Study 2: Choosing the Right Tense in Reports

John, a marketing executive, often struggles with writing professional emails. His emails lack a clear subject line, concise content, and a proper call to action. This leads to miscommunication with clients and delays in project approvals. After attending a business communication workshop, John learned the importance of structuring his emails properly by including an appropriate greeting, body, and closing. He applied these techniques, which significantly improved his communication efficiency and resulted in quicker responses from clients.

Improving Business Communication Through Email

Sarah, a university student, faced difficulties in writing essays for her English course. Her essays often lacked proper organization, clear thesis statements, and smooth transitions between paragraphs. After receiving feedback from her professor, Sarah started focusing on structuring her essays with an introduction, body, and conclusion. She also used transition words to link ideas effectively. As a result, her essays became more coherent and received better grades.

Effective Essay Writing Techniques

A company noticed a decline in response rates to their internal emails. Employees claimed that emails were too lengthy and unclear, making it difficult to extract relevant information. The management decided to implement concise writing techniques, clear subject lines, and bullet points to improve readability. After implementing these strategies, response rates increased by 40%, and employees found it easier to prioritize tasks.

Effective Email Communication in Business

A team leader asked an employee to prepare a report summarizing a recent client meeting. The initial report contained verbatim quotes and excessive details, making it difficult to identify key takeaways. The team leader guided the employee to focus on summarizing the main points concisely and using paraphrasing techniques to enhance clarity. The revised report was well-received and allowed for better decision-making.

Paraphrasing and Summarizing in Business Reports

John, a sales manager, is preparing for an important client presentation. He is feeling nervous and unsure about how to engage his audience effectively. He has prepared his slides with a lot of text and data but struggles to maintain eye contact and use body language confidently. Additionally, he tends to read directly from the slides. His goal is to present the company's new product and secure a deal with the client.

Case Study 1: Preparing for a Sales Presentation

Sarah, a project manager, is leading a review meeting with stakeholders. She has prepared her content well but is worried about handling unexpected questions from the audience. During past meetings, she struggled to respond confidently and sometimes provided incomplete answers. Her objective is to showcase project progress and address concerns effectively.

Case Study 2: Handling Q&A in a Project Review Meeting

John, a recent graduate in Computer Science, is preparing his resume for job applications. He wants to ensure that his resume effectively showcases his skills, education, and experience. He is unsure whether to include personal hobbies and how to highlight his achievements. Additionally, John is considering different resume formats to make it more appealing to recruiters.

Effective Resume Writing

Emma has been shortlisted for a job interview that includes a group discussion round. She is confident in her technical skills but lacks experience in handling group discussions. Emma wants to understand how to contribute effectively without interrupting others and make a positive impression on the panel.

Group Discussion Preparation

An e-commerce company noticed that many users were abandoning their shopping carts without completing the purchase. A usability study revealed that users found the checkout process confusing and lacked clear feedback on their actions. The company decided to redesign the interface using principles of Interaction Design, focusing on better visual feedback, intuitive navigation, and simplified form fields. Additionally, they improved the ergonomics of the checkout page by optimizing the layout for different screen sizes and reducing cognitive load.

Improving User Interaction in an E-commerce Website

A call center company found that their employees were taking longer to log customer complaints due to an outdated system with a command-line interface. Many employees were not familiar with command syntax, leading to errors and inefficiencies. The management decided to implement a menu-driven interface with clear options and form-filling functionalities to make data entry easier and faster. Additionally, they incorporated input/output (I/O) channels such as touchscreens for quicker navigation and feedback notifications for confirmation of entries.

Enhancing User Efficiency in a Call Center System

A financial services company is developing a mobile banking app aimed at providing seamless user experience for customers. During the design phase, the company decided to adopt a user-centered design approach. They conducted user research, created personas, and developed multiple prototypes for usability testing. Based on user feedback, they iterated their designs to improve navigation, consistency, and accessibility. The final product featured an intuitive interface with simplified workflows, leading to a 30% increase in customer engagement.

Case Study 1: Implementing User-Centered Design in a Mobile Banking App

An e-commerce company launched a new website but received complaints about its complexity and usability issues. To address this, they performed a heuristic evaluation using Nielsen’s principles. The evaluation identified problems such as inconsistency in navigation, lack of feedback, and poor error prevention mechanisms. Based on the findings, they redesigned the checkout process and provided clearer error messages, leading to a significant improvement in user satisfaction and a 20% reduction in cart abandonment rates.

Case Study 2: Usability Evaluation of an E-Commerce Website

A leading bank recently launched an online banking portal and conducted usability testing to assess user experience. The goal was to identify pain points related to navigation, task completion, and error messages. The team used heuristic evaluation and cognitive walkthrough techniques. Experts evaluated the system against usability principles, and new users were asked to perform common tasks such as transferring funds and viewing account statements. Based on feedback, the bank found issues with visibility of system status and user control.

Evaluating a Banking Application's Usability

An e-commerce company wanted to improve the usability of its website and conducted field studies to gather insights from real users in their environment. Observational techniques were used to analyze how users interacted with product pages and the checkout process. The study revealed that users faced difficulties in finding relevant product information and navigating through categories, leading to cart abandonment.

Usability Evaluation of an E-commerce Platform

A leading educational institution is transitioning from traditional textbooks to an interactive hypertext-based learning system. The new system allows students to explore content through interconnected links rather than sequential reading. The goal is to improve engagement and provide easier access to related topics. However, students report difficulty navigating large volumes of content, leading to cognitive overload.

Case Study 1: Enhancing User Interaction with Hypertext Systems

A software company is developing a new application for customer relationship management (CRM). To ensure a user-friendly experience, they conduct cognitive task analysis to understand how users complete tasks like data entry and report generation. Early evaluations show that users struggle with finding the correct workflow, leading to inefficiencies and frustration.

Case Study 2: Improving Usability through Cognitive Task Analysis

A smart home company is looking to enhance its product line by integrating speech interfaces. The goal is to allow users to control home appliances using voice commands through devices like Amazon Alexa and Google Assistant. The company faces challenges in ensuring seamless recognition of voice commands across different accents and environments. They are also focusing on providing clear responses and feedback to the users to enhance the user experience. To overcome these challenges, the company is conducting extensive testing with diverse user groups and using machine learning models to improve recognition accuracy.

Case Study 1: Implementing Speech Interfaces in Smart Homes

A financial company is implementing information visualization tools to help analysts better understand market trends and customer behavior. They have introduced dashboards with visual elements such as charts, graphs, and heatmaps. The goal is to enable decision-makers to quickly identify patterns and insights from large datasets. The company is also providing training to employees on how to effectively use these visualization tools to make data-driven decisions.

Case Study 2: Information Visualization for Business Analytics

A digital circuit designer is working on optimizing a circuit by reducing the number of logic gates. The circuit implements the Boolean expression (A ∧ B) ∨ (~A ∧ B). The designer wants to simplify the expression to optimize the circuit performance. Using logical equivalences, the designer finds that the expression simplifies to B.

Case Study 1: Logical Equivalence in Circuit Design

A company uses propositional logic to analyze their business decisions. They state: 'If product quality improves, then customer satisfaction increases.' They also believe that if customer satisfaction increases, revenue will rise. Based on these, they derive the conclusion that 'If product quality improves, then revenue will rise.'

Case Study 2: Propositional Logic in Decision Making

Alice is working on implementing cryptographic algorithms that rely on group theory. She is using a set of integers under modular addition and needs to ensure that the chosen set forms a group. She is verifying whether the set satisfies closure, associativity, identity, and inverse properties.

Understanding Group Properties in Cryptography

A robotics engineer is designing a robotic arm that rotates at fixed angles using modular arithmetic. The engineer realizes that the set of rotations forms a cyclic group and wants to determine the number of distinct positions achievable by the robotic arm.

Application of Cyclic Groups in Robotics

A logistics company wants to optimize its delivery routes using graph theory. The cities are represented as vertices, and the roads connecting them are edges with weights representing distances. The company aims to find the shortest path for delivery and minimize transportation costs.

Network Optimization in a Delivery Service

A social media company wants to analyze user interactions using graph theory. Users are represented as vertices, and interactions (likes, shares, and messages) are represented as directed edges. The goal is to identify influential users and optimize content sharing strategies.

Social Media Network Analysis

A company conducted an analysis of the monthly salaries of 50 employees. The data collected revealed a mean salary of $50,000, with a standard deviation of $5,000. The company wants to understand the salary distribution and identify if the data is normally distributed or skewed. Additionally, they want to assess if there are any outliers based on the interquartile range (IQR).

Case Study 1: Employee Salary Analysis

A school conducted an analysis of student scores in a mathematics test. The average score was found to be 72, with a mode of 75 and a median of 78. Teachers suspect the distribution may not be symmetric and need to determine if the data is skewed. They also want to calculate the spread of scores using variance.

Case Study 2: Student Exam Performance

**XYZ Corporation** is planning to upgrade its computer infrastructure and is evaluating various computer generations for their new system. The company currently uses second-generation computers with transistors but is considering moving to more advanced systems. The management is particularly interested in understanding the features and advancements of third and fourth-generation computers. They need to decide which generation will provide better efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and reliability for their growing data processing needs.

Case Study 1: Evolution of Computer Generations

**ABC Tech Solutions** is developing a new computing system for data-intensive applications. The company must choose between different types of memory, such as RAM, ROM, and cache memory, to optimize performance. The development team is considering using a combination of volatile and non-volatile memory to balance speed and data retention. Their goal is to ensure quick data access while also securing critical data even when the power is turned off.

Case Study 2: Choosing the Right Memory for a New Computer System

A banking system processes and stores vast amounts of customer data, including account balances, transaction histories, and personal details. To improve storage efficiency and processing speed, the IT team decided to switch from decimal representation to binary and hexadecimal systems. By using hexadecimal encoding, the system reduced storage space requirements and improved data retrieval speeds.

Case Study 1: Data Storage Optimization in a Banking System

An automated traffic control system uses Boolean logic to manage traffic lights based on input sensors detecting vehicle flow. The system implements Boolean expressions to control green and red signals efficiently. Using expressions like A + B and A.B', the system ensures smooth traffic movement and reduces congestion at intersections.

Case Study 2: Boolean Logic in Automated Traffic Control Systems

XYZ Ltd., a mid-sized retail company, is looking to improve its operational efficiency by integrating modern Information Technology (IT) solutions. The company wants to automate its inventory management, sales tracking, and customer relationship management processes. After extensive research, they decided to implement a cloud-based IT system to streamline their operations and enhance data accessibility across multiple locations.

Case Study 1: Implementing Information Technology in Business

ABC Bank recently faced a cybersecurity breach that compromised sensitive customer data. The breach was caused by phishing attacks and weak password policies. The management has now decided to enhance their cybersecurity infrastructure by implementing multi-factor authentication (MFA) and conducting employee cybersecurity awareness training.

Case Study 2: Cybersecurity Challenges in Financial Institutions

A large bank is planning to upgrade its computer systems to improve transaction processing and security. They need an operating system that can handle multiple transactions concurrently, provide real-time processing, and offer robust security features. The bank's IT team is considering options like Linux, Windows Server, and a real-time operating system (RTOS) to manage their workload efficiently.

Case Study: Operating System Selection for a Banking System

A university computer lab is used by multiple students to run various applications simultaneously. The lab requires an operating system that can efficiently manage resources like CPU, memory, and I/O devices while allowing students to run their programs without delays. The lab administrator is considering multiprogramming and multitasking operating systems to achieve better resource utilization.

Case Study: Managing Resources in a University Computer Lab

ABC Bank wants to develop an automated system for processing customer loan applications. The system should take customer details, verify eligibility criteria using an algorithm, and decide whether the loan can be approved. The algorithm follows a sequence of steps: collecting data, checking eligibility conditions, and providing an approval or rejection message. The flowchart representation of this process helps visualize the workflow for developers.

Case Study 1: Algorithm Design for a Banking Application

XYZ E-commerce wants to optimize their order processing by defining the logic in pseudocode before implementation. The pseudocode includes steps for checking product availability, processing payment, and generating an invoice. By using pseudocode, developers can ensure that all edge cases are considered before actual coding.

Modules

Module 1